Post by thesporerex on Jan 31, 2014 23:34:28 GMT
Tyrannotitan chubutensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Superorder: Dinosauria
Order: Saurischia
Suborder: Theropoda
Clade: Carnosauria
Family: Carcharodontosauridae
Tribe: Giganotosaurini
Genus: Tyrannotitan
Species: Tyrannotitan chubutensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Superorder: Dinosauria
Order: Saurischia
Suborder: Theropoda
Clade: Carnosauria
Family: Carcharodontosauridae
Tribe: Giganotosaurini
Genus: Tyrannotitan
Species: Tyrannotitan chubutensis
Fossil range: Early Cretaceous Aptian , 118 Mya
Length: 11-12 metres(?13 metres). ~12.2 metres generally accepted length.
Weight:(Unpublished) Between 5?-8? tonnes.
Height:(Unpublished) 3?-3.5? metres tall
Location: Patagonia, Argentina
Skull length: Unknown
Name meaning: "Tyrant titan"
Description:
Little information has yet been released about Tyrannotitan. Only a very brief description of the fossils has been published (four pages). The teeth are less blade-like than those of its kin, and possess odd, lumpy denticles (there is a barely distinguishable groove in the center, dividing each denticle into two parts). Unlike known carcharodontosaurids, this animal lacks pneumaticity extending into the sacral and caudal centra. The scapulocoracoid is fused, and much better developed than that of Giganotosaurus carolinii, yet the arm is very small. Most of the shaft of the scapula is missing.
The acromion curves about 90 degrees from the shaft axis, making it look vaguely tyrannosaurid-like. Whether the sharp difference between taxa is due to evolution or sexual dimorphism in poorly-sampled populations of both species, has not been determined (the latter seems unlikely). A proximal caudal has a very tall neural spine (about twice the height of its centrum, judging by the figure). The base of the orbital fenestra is a notch of nearly 90 degrees into the body of the jugal, which contrasts with the rounded base restored for Giganotosaurus and agrees with Carcharodontosaurus favorably.
The Tyrannical titan in all its skeletal glory
Length: 11-12 metres(?13 metres). ~12.2 metres generally accepted length.
Weight:(Unpublished) Between 5?-8? tonnes.
Height:(Unpublished) 3?-3.5? metres tall
Location: Patagonia, Argentina
Skull length: Unknown
Name meaning: "Tyrant titan"
Description:
Little information has yet been released about Tyrannotitan. Only a very brief description of the fossils has been published (four pages). The teeth are less blade-like than those of its kin, and possess odd, lumpy denticles (there is a barely distinguishable groove in the center, dividing each denticle into two parts). Unlike known carcharodontosaurids, this animal lacks pneumaticity extending into the sacral and caudal centra. The scapulocoracoid is fused, and much better developed than that of Giganotosaurus carolinii, yet the arm is very small. Most of the shaft of the scapula is missing.
The acromion curves about 90 degrees from the shaft axis, making it look vaguely tyrannosaurid-like. Whether the sharp difference between taxa is due to evolution or sexual dimorphism in poorly-sampled populations of both species, has not been determined (the latter seems unlikely). A proximal caudal has a very tall neural spine (about twice the height of its centrum, judging by the figure). The base of the orbital fenestra is a notch of nearly 90 degrees into the body of the jugal, which contrasts with the rounded base restored for Giganotosaurus and agrees with Carcharodontosaurus favorably.
The Tyrannical titan in all its skeletal glory
Discovery:
Tyrannotitan chubutensis was described by Fernando E. Novas, Silvina de Valais, Pat Vickers-Rich, and Tom Rich in 2005. The fossils were found at La Juanita Farm, 28 kilometres (17 mi) northeast of Paso de Indios, Chubut Province, Argentina. They are believed to have been from the Cerro Castaño Member, Cerro Barcino Formation (Aptian stage) around 112.2 - 121 million years ago. The holotype material was designated MPEF-PV 1156 and included partial dentaries, teeth, back vertebrae 3-8 and 11-14, proximal tail vertebrae, ribs and chevrons, a fragmentary scapulocoracoid, humerus, ulna, partial ilium, a nearly complete femur, fibula, and left metatarsal 2. Additional material (designated MPEF-PV 1157) included jugals, a right dentary, teeth, atlas vertebra, neck vertebra (?) 9, back vertebrae (?)7, 10, 13, fused sacral centra (5 total), an assortment of distal caudals, ribs, the right femur, a fragmentary left metatarsal 2, pedal phalanges 2-1, 2-2, and 3-3. The length of the animal is estimated to be on average at 12.2 metres (40 ft).
What has been found of Tyrannotitan
Jaws and teeth:
A rough description of what has been found of the teeth and jaws has been stated before but this is significant. As said before Tyrannotitan is surprisingly Tyrannosaurid like. Smaller arms, bulkier build, more robust skull, more blunt and rounded teeth. All that has been found of the jaws is a mandible and parts of the right dentary. In appearance its skull looks very similar to that of Acrocanthosaurus as seen below.
Tyrannotitan chubutensis was described by Fernando E. Novas, Silvina de Valais, Pat Vickers-Rich, and Tom Rich in 2005. The fossils were found at La Juanita Farm, 28 kilometres (17 mi) northeast of Paso de Indios, Chubut Province, Argentina. They are believed to have been from the Cerro Castaño Member, Cerro Barcino Formation (Aptian stage) around 112.2 - 121 million years ago. The holotype material was designated MPEF-PV 1156 and included partial dentaries, teeth, back vertebrae 3-8 and 11-14, proximal tail vertebrae, ribs and chevrons, a fragmentary scapulocoracoid, humerus, ulna, partial ilium, a nearly complete femur, fibula, and left metatarsal 2. Additional material (designated MPEF-PV 1157) included jugals, a right dentary, teeth, atlas vertebra, neck vertebra (?) 9, back vertebrae (?)7, 10, 13, fused sacral centra (5 total), an assortment of distal caudals, ribs, the right femur, a fragmentary left metatarsal 2, pedal phalanges 2-1, 2-2, and 3-3. The length of the animal is estimated to be on average at 12.2 metres (40 ft).
What has been found of Tyrannotitan
A rough description of what has been found of the teeth and jaws has been stated before but this is significant. As said before Tyrannotitan is surprisingly Tyrannosaurid like. Smaller arms, bulkier build, more robust skull, more blunt and rounded teeth. All that has been found of the jaws is a mandible and parts of the right dentary. In appearance its skull looks very similar to that of Acrocanthosaurus as seen below.
It makes you wonder why its actually more similar to Giganotosaurus and Mapusaurus than any other therpod.
Papers:
1. A large Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia, Argentina, and the evolution of carcharodontosaurids: link
Abstract:
"The Cretaceous Carcharodontosauridae is the latest clade of carnosaurs, including the largest predatory dinosaurs yet recorded. Albeit spectacular for their size, the skeletal anatomy of these theropods remains poorly-known, and their diversity was until recently restricted to two Cenomanian species: the highly derived Giganotosaurus carolinii, from southern South America, and the incompletely known Carcharodontosaurus saharicus, from northern Africa. Here we describe an older and basal member of the group, Tyrannotitan chubutensis gen. et sp. nov., from Aptian strata of Patagonia, Argentina. The new taxon gives new insights into the systematics and evolution of carcharodontosaurids and offers a better understanding of the evolution of Southern theropod faunas. We suggest that carcharodontosaurids radiated in Gondwana sharing with spinosaurids the role of top-predators until their extinction in Cenomanian–Turonian times. During this interval, the diplodocoid sauropods and giant titanosaurians went extinct (probably as part of a global-scale crisis), and the smaller abelisaurid theropods took dominance, reigning until the end of the Cretaceous. Electronic Supplementary Material is available."
2. Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Tyrannotitan chubutensis: link
Abstract:
"The theropod clade Carcharodontosauridae is a broadly distributed group of large allosauroid theropods. The carcharodontosaurids recorded in the Albian–Cenomanian of Gondwana are the youngest and most derived members of this clade. Tyrannotitan chubutensis, from the Cerro Castaño Member of Cerro Barcino Formation (Albian; Chubut Group), Central Patagonia, Argentina, is of prime interest among Gondwanan carcharodontosaurids as it represents the oldest record of the group. Here we offer a detailed osteological comparative description of the holotype and paratype of Tyrannotitan chubutensis together with a new diagnosis of the species. The new information results in a better understanding of this taxon and Carcharodontosauridae. Furthermore, a comparative study of the anatomy of the pectoral girdle of Giganotosaurus is reinterpreted as very similar to that of Tyrannotitan and Mapusaurus. We also present a phylogenetic analysis of Carcharodontosauridae that recovers Tyrannotitan as a derived carcharodontosaurid, being the sister group of the clade formed by Giganotosaurus and Mapusaurus, all nested in the clade Giganotosaurini."
Papers:
1. A large Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia, Argentina, and the evolution of carcharodontosaurids: link
Abstract:
"The Cretaceous Carcharodontosauridae is the latest clade of carnosaurs, including the largest predatory dinosaurs yet recorded. Albeit spectacular for their size, the skeletal anatomy of these theropods remains poorly-known, and their diversity was until recently restricted to two Cenomanian species: the highly derived Giganotosaurus carolinii, from southern South America, and the incompletely known Carcharodontosaurus saharicus, from northern Africa. Here we describe an older and basal member of the group, Tyrannotitan chubutensis gen. et sp. nov., from Aptian strata of Patagonia, Argentina. The new taxon gives new insights into the systematics and evolution of carcharodontosaurids and offers a better understanding of the evolution of Southern theropod faunas. We suggest that carcharodontosaurids radiated in Gondwana sharing with spinosaurids the role of top-predators until their extinction in Cenomanian–Turonian times. During this interval, the diplodocoid sauropods and giant titanosaurians went extinct (probably as part of a global-scale crisis), and the smaller abelisaurid theropods took dominance, reigning until the end of the Cretaceous. Electronic Supplementary Material is available."
2. Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Tyrannotitan chubutensis: link
Abstract:
"The theropod clade Carcharodontosauridae is a broadly distributed group of large allosauroid theropods. The carcharodontosaurids recorded in the Albian–Cenomanian of Gondwana are the youngest and most derived members of this clade. Tyrannotitan chubutensis, from the Cerro Castaño Member of Cerro Barcino Formation (Albian; Chubut Group), Central Patagonia, Argentina, is of prime interest among Gondwanan carcharodontosaurids as it represents the oldest record of the group. Here we offer a detailed osteological comparative description of the holotype and paratype of Tyrannotitan chubutensis together with a new diagnosis of the species. The new information results in a better understanding of this taxon and Carcharodontosauridae. Furthermore, a comparative study of the anatomy of the pectoral girdle of Giganotosaurus is reinterpreted as very similar to that of Tyrannotitan and Mapusaurus. We also present a phylogenetic analysis of Carcharodontosauridae that recovers Tyrannotitan as a derived carcharodontosaurid, being the sister group of the clade formed by Giganotosaurus and Mapusaurus, all nested in the clade Giganotosaurini."